poststriada.blogg.se

The ram is generally supported by an overhead arm which ensures rigidity and eliminates deflection of the tool. The tool is set in a reversed direction to that of a standard shaper. In a draw shaper, the metal is removed when the ram moves towards the column of the machine, i.e., draws the work towards the machine. The metal is removed when the ram moves away from the column, i.e pushes the work. This is the most general type of shaper used in common practice. A universal is mostly used in tool room work. As the work mounted on the table can be adjusted in different planes, the machine is most suitable for different types of work and is given the name “Universal“.

In a universal shaper, in addition to the two movements provided on the table of the standard shaper, the table can be swiveled about an axis parallel to the ram ways, and the upper portion of the table can be tilted about a second horizontal axis perpendicular to the first axis. The table may or may not be supported at the outer end. According to the type of design to the tableĪ shaper is termed as standard or plain when the table has only two movements, vertical and horizontal, to give the feed. Heavy and unwieldy jobs which are very difficult to hold on the table of a standard fed past the tool are held static on the basement of the machine while the reciprocate and supplies the feeding movements.ģ. In a traveling head shaper, the ram carrying the tool while it reciprocates moves crosswise to give the required feed. There are vertical shapers that are specially designed for machining internal keyways. Large internal and external gears may also be machined by the indexing arrangement of the rotary table. Vertical shapers are very convenient for machining internal surfaces, keyways, slots, or groves. The tool used on a vertical shaper is entirely different from that used on a horizontal shaper.

The worktable of a vertical shaper can be given cross, longitudinal, and rotary movement. Vertical shapers may be crank driven, rack driven, screw-driven, or hydraulic power-driven. In some of the vertical machines provision is made to allow adjustment of the ram to an angle of about 10 degrees from the vertical position. In a vertical shaper, the ram holding the tool reciprocates in a vertical axis. Horizontal shapers are mainly used to produce flat surfaces. In a horizontal shaper, the ram holding the tool reciprocates in a horizontal axis. According to the position and travel of the ram: Hydraulic shapers are high power machines and are used for heavy-duty work.Ģ. As the oil pushes the piston, the ram reciprocates. Oil at high pressure is pumped to the cylinder of the hydraulic system. The ram of a hydraulic shaper is connected to a piston. According to the reciprocating motion to the ram: When an inclined surface is machined, the vertical slide of the tool head is swiveled to the required angle and the feed is given to the tool by rotating the down feed handwheel.ġ. When vertical surfaces are machined, the feed is given to the tool.In a shaping machine, a flat horizontal surface is machined by moving the work mounted on the table in a cross direction to the tool movement. It is possible by the ‘Quick return mechanism’. Though the distances of ram movement during the forward and return stroke remain the same, the time taken by the return stroke is less as it is faster.

But during the return stroke, the ram moves at a faster speed. The ram moves at a slow speed during the forward stroke. On the return stroke, metal is not removed. When the ram moves horizontally in the forward direction, the tool removes metal from the work. A single point cutting tool is attached to the ram. The work is held firmly on the table and the ram is allowed to reciprocate over it.A shaping machine is a reciprocating type of machine tool. Shaping is a process of machining a flat surface which may be horizontal, vertical, inclined, concave, or convex using a reciprocating single point tool.